SPARK ENGLISH READER TG BOOK - 7
UNIT - 1: School and Learning
Poem: Homework, I Love You
Homework! Oh, Homework!
Find the facts
1. a. False b. Hates c. True d. True e. true
2. Homework is a fun for Kenn Nesbitt because it keeps him late at night.
3. In poem second, the speaker thinks that home-work is burdensome and quite irritating.
4. He wants more homework from the teacher.
5. disappear
Explore the text
6. The speaker feels that the homework is quite entertaining and matter of fun in the first poem.
7. Yes. It is because he enjoys his homework.
8. ‘Homework, I love you. I think that you’re great. It’s wonderful fun. I love to do hundreds of problems each day.’ These points reveal that the poet in the first poem likes homework.
9. The poet wants to totally destroy the homework because he hates it.
10. Gossip, play football, play hide and seek, going to the garden, watching TV, visiting market with their parents etc. are the things the students would like to do than doing homework.
11. I support the poet in the first poem. I like homework because it takes to the world of magic created by words. It enables to explore the hidden ideas and facts in the text. It pleases us through playing with the words………..continue..
Essay: It’s All Clear Now
Find the facts
1. Wasn’t able to see the blackboard clearly.
2. Trusting
3. To try hard
4. She will wear her glasses all the time.
5. Show that sometimes we imagine things will be worse then they are.
Explore the text
6. She had to go closer to the blackboard, she had to choose front desk in the classroom, she had to squint to see something and she had to go closer to the TV are the things Kamala had to do in the beginning.
7. When mother saw her daughter dragging herself closer to the screen of TV and squinting to see her favorite program, she knew that her daughter had eye problem.
8. I think Kamala is not willing to accept any defect in her. That’s why she does not speak the truth with Mrs. Rana.
9. No, she did not wear rather she kept it in her pocket thinking that her friends would call her nerd.
10. The glass made look everything so different and clear.
11. She is willing to overcome her fears in order to help her friends.
12. The moment Kamala became able to find the ring of her friend and he started seeing everything so clearly when she wore the glass, her mind got changed and she decided to wear the glass all the time.
Grammar: Parts of Speech
A. Underline the nouns in the following sentences.
1. The classroom smelt of new books and erasers.
2. The children waited outside the church.
3. The man cut down the bush outside our house.
4. Our teacher read us an interesting story.
5. She told me to look in my atlas to find the city.
6. The whole class waited for the lesson to begin.
7. I cut the mango with a knife.
8. After lunch we all went to the library.
9. I packed all my things in a box.
10. The woman bought a beautiful new dress
B. Decide whether the words in bold are nouns or verbs.
We read books. (noun)
She rides a horse. (verb)
My parents are nice. (noun)
They play the drums. (verb)
He often helps his brother. (verb)
Frank never has lunch at school. (noun)
I don't like carrots. (noun)
Her friends live in a flat. (verb)
John often gets up late. (verb)
Peggy comes home from school at 3.30 pm. (noun)
Novella: The Call of the Wild
About the text
Buck, a powerful dog, half St. Bernard and half sheepdog, lives on Judge Miller’s estate in California’s Santa Clara Valley. He leads a comfortable life there, but it comes to an end when men discover gold in the Klondike region of Canada and a great demand arises for strong dogs to pull sleds. Buck is kidnapped by a gardener on the Miller estate and sold to dog traders, who teach Buck to obey by beating him with a club and, subsequently, ship him north to the Klondike.
Arriving in the chilly North, Buck is amazed by the cruelty he sees around him. As soon as another dog from his ship, Curly, gets off the boat, a pack of huskies violently attacks and kills her. Watching her death, Buck vows never to let the same fate befall him. Buck becomes the property of Francois and Perrault, two mail carriers working for the Canadian government, and begins to adjust to life as a sled dog. He recovers the instincts of his wild ancestors: he learns to fight, scavenge for food, and sleep beneath the snow on winter nights. At the same time, he develops a fierce rivalry with Spitz, the lead dog in the team. One of their fights is broken up when a pack of wild dogs invades the camp, but Buck begins to undercut Spitz’s authority, and eventually the two dogs become involved in a major fight. Buck kills Spitz and takes his place as the lead dog.
With Buck at the head of the team, Francois and Perrault’s sled makes record time. However, the men soon turn the team over to a mail carrier who forces the dogs to carry much heavier loads. In the midst of a particularly arduous trip, one of the dogs becomes ill, and eventually the driver has to shoot him. At the end of this journey, the dogs are exhausted, and the mail carrier sells them to a group of American gold hunters—Hal, Charles, and Mercedes.
Buck’s new masters are inexperienced and out of place in the wilderness. They overload the sled, beat the dogs, and plan poorly. Halfway through their journey, they begin to run out of food. While the humans bicker, the dogs begin to starve, and the weaker animals soon die. Of an original team of fourteen, only five are still alive when they limp into John Thornton’s camp, still some distance from their destination. Thornton warns them that the ice over which they are traveling is melting and that they may fall through it. Hal dismisses these warnings and tries to get going immediately. The other dogs begin to move, but Buck refuses. When Hal begins to beat him, Thornton intervenes, knocking a knife from Hal’s hand and cutting Buck loose. Hal curses Thornton and starts the sled again, but before they have gone a quarter of a mile, the ice breaks open, swallowing both the humans and the dogs.
Thornton becomes Buck’s master, and Buck’s devotion to him is total. He saves Thornton from drowning in a river, attacks a man who tries to start a fight with Thornton in a bar, and, most remarkably, wins a $1,600 wager for his new master by pulling a sled carrying a thousand-pound load. But Buck’s love for Thornton is mixed with a growing attraction to the wild, and he feels as if he is being called away from civilization and into the wilderness. This feeling grows stronger when he accompanies Thornton and his friends in search of a lost mine hidden deep in the Canadian forest.
While the men search for gold, Buck ranges far afield, befriending wolves and hunting bears and moose. He always returns to Thornton in the end, until, one day, he comes back to camp to find that Yeehat Indians have attacked and killed his master. Buck attacks the Indians, killing several and scattering the rest, and then heads off into the wild, where he becomes the leader of a pack of wolves. He becomes a legendary figure, a Ghost Dog, fathering countless cubs and inspiring fear in the Yeehats—but every year he returns to the place where Thornton died, to mourn his master before returning to his life in the wild.
Buck - A powerful dog, half St. Bernard and half sheepdog, who is stolen from a California estate and sold as a sled dog in the Arctic. Buck gradually evolves from a pampered pet into a fierce, masterful animal, able to hold his own in the cruel, kill-or-be-killed world of the North. Though he loves his final master, John Thornton, he feels the wild calling him away from civilization and longs to reconnect with the primitive roots of his species.
John Thornton - Buck’s final master, a gold hunter experienced in the ways of the Klondike. Thornton saves Buck from death at the hands of Hal, and Buck rewards Thornton with fierce loyalty. Thornton’s relationship to Buck is the ideal man-dog relationship: each guards the other’s back and is completely devoted to the other. The strength of their bond is enough to keep Buck from acting on the forces he feels are calling him into the wild.
Spitz - Buck’s archrival and the original leader of Francois’s dog team. Spitz is a fierce animal—a “devil-dog,” one man calls him—who is used to fighting with other dogs and winning. He meets his match in Buck, however, who is as strong as Spitz and possesses more cunning. Spitz is an amoral being who fights for survival with all of his might, disregarding what is right and wrong.
Francois - A French Canadian mail driver who buys Buck and adds him to his team. Francois is an experienced man, accustomed to life in the North, and he impresses Buck with his fairness and good sense.
Perrault - A French Canadian who, together with Francois, turns Buck into a sled dog for the Canadian government. Both Perrault and Francois speak in heavily accented English, which London distinguishes from the rest of the novel’s dialogue.
Hal - An American gold seeker, Hal comes to Canada with his sister, Mercedes, and her husband, Charles, in search of adventure and riches. The three buy Buck and his team and try to drive them, but their inexperience makes them terrible masters, as they run out of food during the journey and bicker among themselves. Hal and his companions are meant to represent the weakness of overcivilized men and to embody the man-dog relationship at its worst.
Mercedes - Charles’s wife and Hal’s sister. Mercedes is spoiled and pampered, and her unreasonable demands slow her, Hal, and Charles on their journey and contribute to its disastrous ending. Her civilized manner, however, contrasts that of her unprepared brother and husband in that she initially feels sympathetic for the worn-out sled team. Her behavior, London suggests, demonstrates how civilized women are unsuited for life in the wild, having been spoiled and babied by the men around them.
Dave - A dog on Buck’s team. Dave becomes ill on one of the team’s journeys but refuses to leave the harness, preferring to die pulling the sled. In his stubbornness at this task, Dave is an example of gritty determination.
Curly - A friend of Buck’s, met on the journey to the North. Curly’s death, when she naively tries to be friendly to a husky, acts as a warning to Buck of the harshness and cruelty of his new home.
Judge Miller - Buck’s original master, the owner of a large estate in California’s Santa Clara Valley.
Manuel - A gardener’s helper on Judge Miller’s estate. Manuel kidnaps Buck and sells him in order to pay off his gambling debts.
Before you read
a. Jack London is the author of this novella and he was born in 1876 and died in 1916.
b. It was published in 1903.
c. I think it is a dog.
d. Manuel kidnapped Buck because Manuel had heavy gambling debts and was desperate for money.
e. Buck realizes that human beings can never be fully trusted.
Chapter 1: The Guidance
After you read
1. The story takes place in 1897.
2. Buck does not read the newspaper because it was full of the gold strike up north in the Klondike.
3. He was a cross between a St. Bernard and a Scotch shepherd dog.
4. Manuel was the gardener's helper He kidnapped Buck because Manuel had heavy gambling debts and was desperate for money.
5. The line means fine and strong dog which can earn a handsome cost.
6. He was a wizened, weather – beaten man from the North. He paid $ 300 for Buck.
7. Tick the correct answer.
(i) A dog, half St. Bernard and half Scottish shepherd
(ii) Judge Miller
(iii) Manuel
Understanding the text
8. Buck is a dog. He realizes that it is very difficult to trust human.
9. The trainer tamed Buck by giving physical punishment and physical force.
10. The way Buck was treated is not an acceptable manner to treat animals. It is because animals are also living beings having same feelings and emotions that are in human beings. Just they cannot express in human language. That’s why they also should be treated dearly.
11. These days, people do not treat the dogs as Buck was treated. Dogs have been now accepted as a conscious, friendly and sensitive pet animal and are also treated in the same way.
UNIT - 2: Man and Environment
Find the facts
1. Nature
2. Personified
3. The poet likes the most a tree.
4. A tree uses its leafy arms to pray to God.
5. Fools like poet in the poem write poems.
Explore the text
6. In the poem, the poet says that he will never see anything lovelier than tree. That’s why the very first stanza in the poem expresses his love for the nature.
7. A tree stands for nature which is ever pure, fresh and deep. Though everything changes it remains ever pure.
8. I think, for the poet the trees are sacred creation of god where gods dwell.
9. The poet shows the difference that God can create the nature, tree and what the poet can do is he can just adore, worship and sing hymn of nature and its beauty.
10. The rhyming words in the poem are as following:
see –tree, purest – breast- day- pray, wear- hair, lain- rain, me- tree.
Story: Boy Who Hated Vegetables
Find the facts
1. He wanted to eat chocolates.
2. He did not like Vagetables like carrot, karela, panir, peas, bhindi etc.
3. No, they did not like this attitude.
4. Gajar haluwa, vegetable changed his attitude.
5. The mother saw the bowl of gajar haluwa empty next morning.
6. Do it by yourself.
Words in use
7. Give your own creative answers.
Explore the text
8. Balbir was fond of chocolates and mutton. She was worried for her son not taking vegetables.
9. Complete the following table.
Balbir liked
|
Balbir did not like
|
Chocolates, mutton
|
Gajar haluwa, carrot, bhindi, potatoes, cauliflower etc.
|
10. For him, the mutton curry tasted bitter. His parents did not believe him.
11. Cauliflower added salt to the custard to prove it to it salty. Nobody knew about it.
12. Mother said him a good boy. She hugged him to see change in his habit of eating vegetables. Yes, he was worthy to hug at last.
Grammar: Adverbs of frequency
A. Rewrite the following sentences making use of the given adverbs of frequency in the appropriate places.
1) He often listens to the radio.
2) They sometime read a book.
3) Pete never gets angry.
4) Tom usually is very friendly.
5) I sometimes take sugar in my coffee.
6) Ramon and Frank are often angry.
7) My grandmother always goes for a walk in the evening.
8) Walter usually helps his father in the kitchen.
9) They never watch TV in the afternoon.
10) Christine never smokes.
B. I always go for morning walk. I never smoke. I seldom go for movie. I often listen to the music. I rarely visit my aunt. I hardly waste my time. I occasionally play tennis. I sometimes go to play football. I usually carry my sister to my school. I frequently call her. I time and again go to visit my aunt.
Novella: The Call of the Wild
Chapter 2: A New Life
1. Spitz and Dave were two other dogs.
2. He punished Spitz when he tried to steal the food of Buck. Yes, it was fair act according to Buck.
3. Buck was amazed by flecks of white because they fell from the sky, and settled on the ship's deck.
4. Several dogs set upon because Curly tried to approach a husky at a nearby camp.
5. Curly’s death taught Buck that once you went down, that was the end of you.
6. Buck did what Francis had wished that was a proof to show that he was an intelligent dog.
7. They were Billee, Spitz, and one-eyed Sol-leks.
8. He would eat one pound of dried salmon every evening as his daily routine.
Understanding the text
9. For curly’s act of going closer to Whiskey at a nearby camp, he was fasten and buckled as a punishment.
10. He is not able to sleep because he was not habituated to sleep there. Finally he solved problem by curling up into a tight ball under the soft snow.
11. Though they were from the same litter, Billee was friendly and easy going but Joe was made of sterner stuff.
12. Yes, death is acceptable than living the life of despise and surrender. In the story, the god Curley has done so which has deeper thematic lesson to human beings for living the life of dignity and pride.
UNIT - 3: Society and Prejudice
Poem:
My Parents Kept me from Children who were Rough
About the text
"My Parents Kept Me From Children Who Were Rough" deals with class differences. The adult poet looks back at how it felt to be a child whose middle-class parents warned him to stay away from the "rough" working-class boys.
The poem's narrator is ambivalent. Like his parents, he is afraid of the rough boys, but he also feels a mixture of attraction, jealousy, and shame.
The poem begins, "My parents kept me from children who were rough." It would have been more accurate to say that his parents 'tried' to keep him from children who were rough, because his parents weren't fully successful in keeping their son and the rough children apart.
The rough children follow the narrator on the road, imitating his lisp. They pin him down - "their knees tight on [his] arms" - or at least he feared that they would. There is a gap between his parents intentions and the reality of his life.
The narrator envies the freedom of the rough boys, the way they can run in the street, climb cliffs, and strip by the country streams. The narrator must have been expected to act with middle-class propriety, walking demurely down the street, never going outside wearing torn clothing.
To the narrator, the rough children are wild. He compares them to tigers and dogs. Like animals, the children were free from having to abide by suffocating middle-class conventions, and the narrator is jealous.
The tone of the poem shifts in the last two lines: "While I looked the other way, pretending to smile. / I longed to forgive them, but they never smiled."
The narrator only pretends to smile. Conventional polite middle-class behavior often requires people to put on a phony smile. That may smooth over some social interactions, but it also can create distance. A genuine smile brings people closer together. It is infectious. We instinctively respond to a genuine smile with one of our own. A real smile can bridge gaps between people, creating communication between people who speak different languages - or who come from different classes.
The rough boys, though, don't respond to the narrator's phony smile. The narrator is disappointed. But why did he "long to forgive them" in the first place?
At first glance, the line about forgiveness seems condescending - who is he to offer forgiveness to them? But there are two things he might have wanted to forgive. The first is the way the rough boys treated him personally, making fun of his lisp and pinning him down. The second is for their side in the class struggle, their "bark[ing]" at the narrator's world.
Unless the narrator can offer more than a phony smile, though, his offer of forgiveness will not be accepted. Perhaps that is what Spender, as an adult poet, now realizes as he looks back at an earlier time.
Find the facts
1. Parents did not allow the boy to mix with street children who were rough and dirty.
2. They wore torn rags.
3. They teased the boy by copying his lisp behind him on the road.
4. The speaker longed to look another way than the side of boys.
5. Words like stones, their muscles like iron and hedges like dogs are the use of similes in the poem.
Explore the text
6. They were rough and strong. No they rather used stone like uncivilized words.
7. The speaker compares their words with stones.
8. The street children used to climb on the cliffs, stripped by the country streams and used to throw mud but the boy did not use to. This was the difference between the boy and street children.
9. Tigers their muscles like iron and their jerking hands and their knees are the words used to describe their strength in the poem
10. The boy wanted to forgive the street children for their misdeed to the poet because he felt that they had never learnt to smile.
11. Do base on your eyewitness.
Story: The Fence
About the text
On Saturday morning, Aunt Polly sends Tom out to whitewash the fence. Jim passes by, and Tom tries to get him to do some of the whitewashing in return for a “white alley,” a kind of marble. Jim almost agrees, but Aunt Polly appears and chases him off, leaving Tom alone with his labor.
A little while later, Ben Rogers, another boy Tom’s age, walks by. Tom convinces Ben that whitewashing a fence is great pleasure, and after some bargaining, Ben agrees to give Tom his apple in exchange for the privilege of working on the fence. Over the course of the day, every boy who passes ends up staying to whitewash, and each one gives Tom something in exchange. By the time the fence has three coats, Tom has collected a hoard of miscellaneous treasures. Tom muses that all it takes to make someone want something is to make that thing hard to get.
Find the facts
1. He convinces them that the job is fun.
2. He has to paint the fence on Saturday morning.
3. He thinks that his friends will make fun of him while he whitewashes.
4. He ends up tricking that whitewash is a fun but not a work when he does not want to whitewash.
5. He convinces by showing work as fun. In turn of letting his friends whitewash the fence, he took different things from his friends like apple, kite etc. In this way he increases his wealth.
Explore the text
6. By convincing them, he gets his friends white wash the fence for him.
7. Do it by yourself.
8. In this story he not only made his friends work for him but he also took their properties. It proves that he was really a clever boy.
9. I think this episode reveals that we don’t have to work rather work becomes a game if we are taught and made to enjoy the work.
10. The story teaches us that work is game if we enjoy it. I don’t feel that they are taken differently in the story.
11. Change into indirect speech.
- Ben said that he was going swimming.
- Tom said that he was not working, that was not work.
- Ben asked him if he was painting the fence.
- Billy told me to let him paint my fence.
- Tom replied that lots of boys wanted to paint his fence. But it was very difficult to paint a fence.
Grammar: Synonyms and Antonyms
A. Choose synonyms from the list to replace the words in brackets.
Thrilled, anxious, huge, skilled, swiftly, shouting, begin, enthusiastically, amazement, certain
b. Tick (✓) the words which mean the opposite of the underlined words.
1. disappointed
2. boastful
3. praised
4. listened
5. untidy
6. happiness
7. never
8. truthfully
Novella: The Call of the Wild
Chapter 3: Buck and Spitz
After you read
1. An attack by Indians
2. A wild chase after a rabbit
3. Billee, Dave, Sol-leks, Pike, Dub, Dolly, Joe, Spitz, and Buck
4. The Law of Love and Fellowship
5. Spitz had considered Buck to be a threat to his position and it was justified at the end.
6. His ambition to show his power and Spitz’s attack upon him drove Buck to attack Spitz.
7. Starving huskies, from a nearby Indian village attacked sled-dogs for food.
8. Almost all of them were seriously wounded and tired.
9. They endured physical hardship when they fell through the thin ice of a river.
10. Dolly became mad. It was because she was tired of walking and was foaming from mouth.
11. Do this by yourself.
12. They set off for Skagway because of more urgent dispatches.
Understanding the text
13. He decided that this was the time to attack Buck because he was willing to show his superiority over Buck. When both of them kept an eye over running rabbit he thought that was right time.
14. "Buck, he strong as a demon; you see, he take care of Spitz!"
15. The willingness to possess rabbit in both of them was the cause of final fight. The outcome was Buck became winner.
16. I think that Buck would win the fight because he is agile and intelligent.
17. His masters frequently trusting and praising Buck and careful steps on the way has changed my opinion about Buck.
18. I don’t think so because he can adjust and adopt himself in every place and situation.
19. Do this by yourself.
UNIT - 4: Life and Death
Poem: Not Waving but Drowning
Find the facts
1. The first person speaker ‘I’ of the poem is speaking in the first stanza of this poem.
2. I suppose that the boy who used to roam and swim alone had drowned and died in the second stanza.
3. The poet’s intention to write this poem is we have to live in harmony and union but lonely life may suffer a lot at any time.
4. I suggest ‘Lonely means Drowning’ as title to this poem.
5. I feel that poet had also once lived lonely life which pushed him back in life rather than leading to progress.
Explore the text
6. The poet means by not waving but drowning means not moving ahead and feeling cheerful but pushing back in the ditch.
7. It is ambiguous in the sense that it was really a cold day can be its meaning, and on the other hand it can also mean that the boy was cold, not friendly and misanthrope.
8. The last line has presented subjective experience of poet’s life of failing and drawing back while living individual life. And the whole poem is justification that those who live alone can face total isolation from other friends.
9. In the poem, the speaker presents that once there was a boy who alone went to swim in the river. By nature he was not friendly and mixed up type of man. Unfortunately he was drowned and started waving his hands for help but others thought that he was showing his excitement. So he died without getting any support. If he had been with his friends he would not have to face the death. The poet had also similar bitter but not fortunately deathlike experience of suffering while living alone without friends.
10. Poor chap refers to the dead boy in the poem.
Story: The Death Car
Find the facts
1. To a party
2. Jumped
3. Crazy killer
4. The carburetor
5. Convert these sentences into one using the conjunctions given in the brackets.
(a) The Harrisons were having a party because their daughter was getting engaged.
(b) A dangerous man had escaped from hospital therefore the police issued a warning on the radio.
(c) Marie was worried about the killer, however, her husband was only worried about the car.
(d) The car broke down, so George went to find help.
(e) Marie could not walk in the rain since her clothes were not suitable.
(f) Marie hid under a blanket so that no-one could see her.
(g) Marie heard a strange sound on the roof as a result She became very frightened.
(h) As the knocking continued all night, Marie could not sleep.
Explore the text
6. The act of running away of John Downey, a murderer who killed six people before he was captured two years ago was the reason for the news announcement on the radio.
7. When the engine died he pulled the car off the road.
8. She stayed in the car when George left because she had high-heeled shoes and nice clothes on and they could be ruined by the rain outside.
9. He set off to walk to call the Harrisons.
10. The continuous knock at the roof of car make Marie so frightened as she waited in the car.
11. It was because her husband was hanging on a tree over the roof of the car.
Grammar: Verb
1. Complete the dialogue with the words am, is or are.
1. Are 2. am 3. are 4. am
5. is 6. are 7. am 8. am
9. is 10. is 11. are 12. is
13. are
2. Complete the paragraph using the words was or were.
It was (1) nearly the end of the day. We ___were___ (2) all waiting for the lesson to end. The first session of the Computer Club ___was____ (3) after school. There __were____ (4) trials for the girls’ basketball team as well. I ___was____ (5) hoping to play well. I knew my friends Jenisha and Tina ___were___ (6) good players and I ___was___ (7) sure they would be picked for the team. At last it ___was___ (8) time for the lesson to finish and soon my friends and I __were___ (9) standing outside waiting to begin. Everyone __was__ (10) talking excitedly. We __were__ (11) divided into two groups. Each group __was___ (12) given a ball and told to practise.
Novella: The Call of the Wild
Chapter 4: Buck Takes Over the Guidance
After you read
1. Buck was the new team leader.
2. On the sled letters from the outside world to the gold miners they were pulling.
3. The mail train was made up of many sleds. Half- breed Scott had led it.
4. He often dreamt about old life in South.
5. No, he was not.
6. The dogs were so tired because the trip was long and the sleds heavy.
7. Dave had weakened so badly that the driver took him out of the team, but, ill and exhausted as he was, he cried to be put back in the harness.
8. Hal and Charles was his new owner.
9. That he be made the lead dog
10. Hal and Charles
11. Going back to Judge Miller’s because he is homesick
Understanding the text
12. It was different because every decision he made was the right one.
13. They did so because they were outside of their area.
14. No, I don’t think except Buck, they understood what was really happening behind them.
15. Your creative answer is expected to get oozed out.
UNIT - 5: Individuality and Freedom
Poem: People
Find the facts
1. Correct the errors.
a) This poem is a message for population control.
b) The poet does not want be close to other people.
c) One should have privacy and secrecy.
2. It does not mean the people going far away rather they keep on doing their own work in their own way without interfering to the poet.
3. It means poet wants to lead individual life.
4. The poet’s illusion is there is still room enough in the world even if he is left alone.
Explore the text
5. Complete the following summary of the poem choosing the best answers from the box.
The poet expresses the world.’ growing concern of rapid population growth in the poem. The poet does not want others come near because her privacy will get revealed. She says that we should prudently maintain a certain distance between each other so that we can possibly can have individuality and gain independence. However the poet falsely believes that the world has given enough space for many people.
6. Yes, he does what thinks.
7. The given line exhibits the peot’s idea in preference to privacy, ‘especially if I see their aloneness alive in them.’
8. The poet sees the people keep on passing and passing preserving their privacy that keeps the poet happy.
Story: An Uncomfortable Bed
Find the facts
1. The poet went to stay for the hunting season with some friends in a chateau in Picardy.
2. His friends made fun of him by giving princely reception to him.
3. He heard laughter and whispering in the corridor where they were spying on him.
4. He lit the candles because he was trying to remove his fear and suspicion.
5. His friends hurried into his apartment because of her cry.
6. The narrator felt something like whisker and some liquid falling and spreading over his face.
7. Find the words from the text that are opposite in meaning to the following.
Farewell- reception
Anxiety- amusement
Cry- laughter
Lighted- extinguished
Lazing- hurrying
Explore the text
8. He felt that there must be something wrong and his friends going do something to him when he was given princely reception.
9. Yes, he talked to the servants. He looked at them suspiciously.
10. He lit the candles in his room after he heard laughter and whispering in the corridor.
11. The tea and break on his face woke him up next morning.
12. Everyone laughed at him to see him scared for nothing.
Grammar: Adjective and Adverb
A. Form adverbs to the given adjectives.
1) perfectly 2) quietly
3) carefully 4) regularly
5) nicely 6) terribly
7) heavily 8) goodly
9) hardly 10) fantastically
B. Join the adjectives which have opposite meanings.
1. nervous - relaxed
2. excited - bored
3. boastful - modest
4. courteous - impudent
5. cheerful - gloomy
6. generous - mean
Novella: The Call of the Wild
Chapter 5: On a Gold Search
1. No he did not like his new masters because of their behavior.
2. Hal and Charles had piled their sled so high it toppled over, so the dogs were unable to the sled.
3. They were so hungry and weary that Buck was unable to take another step and collapsed when they arrived at Thornton’s camp.
4. He advised them not to continue further journey.
5. It was because there used to be much snow.
6. It was because he was almost dead, unable to move even a step. Mr. Thornton nursed and saved his life.
7. Spitz
8. They began to die of starvation
9. He pulled him out of the river when the ice broke.
Understanding the text
10. For him, they were ignorant about the dogs and their feelings and attitudes.
11. During the nights, distant cries reminded Buck of an older way of being. He was much down to his past because it was more beautiful than his prestnt.
12. Buck saved his life by constantly nursing him.
13. He also became furious and barked at them.
14. Give your creative answer.
UNIT - 6: Myth and Fantasy
Poem: The Seven Sorrows
Find the facts
1. The poem is about the various sorrows human beings have to face.
2. The fifth stanza is about deforestation.
3. The first sorrow as described in the poem is the autumn’s slow goodbye of the garden who stands so long in the evening.
4. When the lakes and ponds do dry the city becomes the beetle's palace.
5. Search and note down in your notebook.
Explore the text
6. Identify the seven sorrows and interpret in your own way.
7. Loss of cultural heritage is one of the sorrows because loss of cultural heritages leave us without any guide, pride and norms to follow.
8. Suggest your ideas to avoid the sorrows.
9. Keeping one carefree and avoiding lure for sensual glamour is the way of avoiding the sorrows.
10. To avoid the problem of deforestation, we can start afforestation and also start to convince people for not cutting down trees.
Story: Sudama
Find the facts
1. Myth is a long narrative about some fictitious event having some realistic base.
2. They were close friends.
3. Sandipani's wife asked Sudama and Krishna to get some wood from the forest.
4. Storm began and they got lost in the jungle when they had been to fetch firewood.
5. Sudama was very poor and his life difficult to run.
6. Sudama was requested to go to Krishna to get some economical support so that their life would improve.
7. Yes, of course.
Explore the text
8. Once, Sandipani's wife asks Sudama and Krishna to get some wood from the forest. While they are collecting the wood, a storm comes and they get lost. Sudama is scared. Krishna holds his arms and assures his safety. When the storm is over, they find their way to the hermitage. Sudama is relieved. Sandipani blesses them with a long life and happiness.
9. Krishna was friend of Sudama who became king of Dwarka and he was really helpful.
10. Sudama was going to meet his friend rather than king, the favorite food of Krishna chosen by Sudama as his gift was good.
11. Krishna, a king’s response to his Friend Sudama, a poor commoner in such a cordial manner and his help to Sudama proves this statement.
12. It was because happy to lead the life of own without accepting the mercy from others.
Grammar: Articles
A. Use a or an. Write the correct forms of the indefinite articles into the gaps.
1- a, 2-a, 3-a, 4-a, 5-an,
6- an, 7-an, 8- an, 9- an, 10- a
B. Fill in the article a, an or the where necessary. Choose x where no article is used.
1-a,the 2-an 3-the, 4-x, 5-an
6-an 7-a, 8-x, 9-a, 10-x
Novella: The Call of the Wild
Chapter 6: The Bet
After you read
1. He claimed that Buck could pull 1,000 pounds 100 yards.
2. Yes, he won the bet.
3. They decided to use the money to set off on an expedition to the north – east, to search for a fabled lost gold mine.
4. Yes, he did enjoy the life because it was hunting life like that of Indians.
5. One evening a cry came that was closer than before. Buck ran to see what had made it, and found himself starting at a lone timber wolf. The wolf offered him no challenge, and soon the two of them were running together.
6. As his heart could not let leave John, he decided to return back.
7. Buck fends off attacking Yeehat Indians
8. That Buck can move a sled loaded with 1000 pounds
9. He leaps at the throat of Thornton’s assailant
10. The search for a legendary source of gold
11. He spends long periods of time in the deep forest, making contact with wolves
Understanding the text
12. As they were facing various dangers and attacks in the forest, he was growing restless. He will I think, lead the life of wild being master over there.
13. Make your own guess.
14. Do this by yourself.
UNIT -7: Nature and Adventure
Poem: I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
About the text
This simple poem, one of the loveliest and most famous in the Wordsworth canon, revisits the familiar subjects of nature and memory, this time with a particularly (simple) spare, musical eloquence. The plot is extremely simple, depicting the poet’s wandering and his discovery of a field of daffodils by a lake, the memory of which pleases him and comforts him when he is lonely, bored, or restless. The characterization of the sudden occurrence of a memory—the daffodils “flash upon the inward eye / Which is the bliss of solitude”—is psychologically acute, but the poem’s main brilliance lies in the reverse personification of its early stanzas. The speaker is metaphorically compared to a natural object, a cloud—“I wandered lonely as a cloud / That floats on high...”, and the daffodils are continually personified as human beings, dancing and “tossing their heads” in “a crowd, a host.” This technique implies an inherent unity between man and nature, making it one of Wordsworth’s most basic and effective methods for instilling in the reader the feeling the poet so often describes himself as experiencing.
Find the facts
1. Find the words similar in meaning to the following definitions:
lively and full of energy - sprightly
a feeling of great delight - glee
often - oft
Shine - flash
2. The poet saw the golden deffodils.
3. They were beside the lake, beneath the trees.
4. The poet was over joyed to see them.
5. They were flying with breeze.
Explore the text
6. It was like the stars that shine and twinkle on the milkyway. The poet felt happy to see that.
7. When he come back to his room and lies on his couch, he recalls this event.
8. Complete the following summary of the poem.
The speaker says that, wandering like a ............ cloud............floating above hills and valleys, he encountered a field of .......... daffodils............ beside a lake. The dancing, fluttering flowers ............ stretched....... ....endlessly along the shore, and though the waves of the lake danced beside the flowers, the daffodils outdid the water in glee. The speaker says that a poet could not help but be happy in such a joyful ......... company...............of flowers. He says that he and stared, but did not realize what wealth the scene would bring him. For now, whenever he feels. vacant. or .pensive,. the memory .......... flashes..............upon .that inward eye / that is the bliss of solitude,. and his heart fills with pleasure, .and dances with the daffodils..
Story: Inca Treasure in the Cloud Forest
Find the facts
1. The story about lost treasure hidden by the Incas more than four hundred years ago, made the writer to set his journey to Andes Mountain.
2. It is described as a mysterious range of mountains, lie between the Andes and the Amazon basin of Brazil.
3. They are brothers in the story. They divided their kingdom.
4. Gold represented the “Sweat of the Sun,” and silver stood for “Tears of the Moon.”
5. Choose the suitable answer
a. 60,000,
b. hid the treasure
c. the leader,
d. the most difficult,
e. looked down
6. Change the following direct speech into indirect speech.
i. He said that he had to return immediately to a lower altitude.
ii. I told him that I had found a friend in Segundo, himself perhaps a descendant of the very same Incas who had hidden the gold from the conquistadors.
iii. He told me that he had been content not to look for the Inca treasure, for it had not been his.
iv. I said that I would remember the Llanganates Mountains for the rest of my life- that wild, awesome place.
Explore the text
7. This is an adventurous story because it describes long, difficult and exciting journey.
8. It was ran 2,000 miles along the spine of the Andes, from Colombia in the north to Chile in the south.
9. Filling two rooms, one with gold and the other with silver was the condition to set free to him.
10. He was the team leader who was helpful and cheerful man.
Grammar: Contracted forms
A. Decide whether to use is or has instead of 's.
1-has, 2-is, 3-has, 4-has, 5-has,
6-has, 7-is, 8-has, 9-is, 10-has
B. My friend Nitesh’s (has ) a dog. It’s (is ) white in colour. It’s (is) very clever and obedient to its master. It barks at the strangers visiting to the house. It’s (has) been a trained different skill that’s (is) exhibited during the visit of relatives, time of feeding and so on. It’s (is) all the time seen at the attic of the house. Nitesh’s (has) a good friendship with it. It’s (is) always with him when he goes round the village.
Novella: The call of the Wild
Chapter 7: In the Wild
1. Because he can’t kill it any sooner than that
2. The camp has been attacked by Yeehat Indians
3. He is killed by Indians
4. That he can kill men, as long as they are not armed
5. Because, “The last tie was broken. Man and the claims of man no longer bound him.”
6. Wolves
7. Return to the former camp to mourn the loss of his friend
8. He joins a wolf pack and becomes a legendary figure in the wild
Understanding the text
9. When he found a migrating herd of moose as his prey he went into the woods. And he returned to the camp to meet his human friend John.
10. When Buck away John and others dogs were attacked and killed by Yeehats. Buck also went to attack them and killed almost half of them.
11. One of the wolves sprang at Buck which made him to attack wolves.
12. As he became able to make Buck strong, confident and experienced in the new atmosphere, I think he was able to pay off his debts.
13. He ferociously jumped and attacked them.
14. Yes, the end of this story had surprised me because Buck becomes the leader in the wild.
15. The title is good and suitable in this novel. The significance of this title is voice and events of the forest.
UNIT - 8: Man and Destiny
Poem: Hope is the Thing with Feathers
Find the fact
1. Hope resides in the soul according to the poet.
2. The hope sings without words.
3. Gale means wind.
4. Storm makes feel ashamed the song.
5. The poet asked a crumb for him.
Explore the text
6. I do agree with the poet that hope resides in the soul.
7. The bird perched in the soul to make it sing.
8. It is the sweetest during gale.
9. Poles of the earth are the chilliest land.
10. Bird, storm, feathers etc. are the use of metaphor in the poem.
11. The poet states that hope is the thing that resides in the depth of soul. It can fly and move. It sings it sings tune without words. While flying in the wind it sounds the sweetest but it is storm that makes the song of soul bitter. So far the poet is concerned he can hear it in every place whether it the chilliest or the strangest sea.
Story: The Specter Bridegroom
Find the facts
1. Nancy was the servant to support Mrs. Lenine.
2. They rejected the relationship because of their economical ditch.
3. They exchanged their vow and devotion by exchanging Locks of hair ans a wedding ring, taken from the finger of a corpse.
4. To escape his persecution, he entered a ship bound for India, and bade adieu to his native land.
5. She was sowing and praying when she was taken away by the spirit of Lenine.
6. Match the following according to the story:
a. The voice was the voice of Lenine.
b. The rider was imperfectly seen.
c. When she took Lenine’s hand a cold shiver passed through her.
d. Poor Nancy was buried in Lenine’s grave.
7. Change the following positive statements into negative statements.
a. Smith did not take Nancy into his shop.
b. She does not ask for her child.
c. She did not desire to be buried in his grave.
d. Before the morning light did not fall on the world.
e. A horse was not seen that night to pass through the Church town.
Explore the text
8. Marriage is the union of soul. Yes, this capitalistic society is open society. And marriage is union of soul. So anybody can marry anyone. Economical ditch cannot and should not determine the marriage.
9. He is promise fulfilling man.
10. Newly born infant became source of hope for Nancy in absence of Lenine.
11. The horse pursued its journey with great rapidity. And whenever in weariness it slackened its speed, the peculiar voice of the rider aroused its drooping energies.
Grammar: Preposition
A. Write the correct prepositions into the gaps.
1-in, 2-for, 3-by, 4-for, 5-on,
1-in, 2-for, 3-by, 4-for, 5-on,
6-by, 7-for, 8-by, 9-to, 10-on
B. It was nearly the end ……of….the day. We were all waiting ……for….the lesson to end. The first session …of…..the Computer Club was after school. There were trials for the girls’ basketball team as well. I was hoping .....to.....play well. I knew my friends Jenisha and Tina were good …at…..play and I was sure they would be picked for the team. …At…..last it was time for the lesson to finish and soon my friends and I were standing outside waiting to begin. Everyone was talking excitedly. We were divided …into…….two groups. Each group was given a ball and told to practise.
Drama: The Beggar and the King
After you read
1. The story takes place in chamber of the palace.
2. He was crying for bread as he was hungry.
3. The king was annoyed to hear the voice of the beggar.
4. Using lash and spear on him was the punishment declared for the beggar by the king.
5. The king orders to bind him and gag him.
6. Despite the beggar’s tongue had been cut he cried if he had grown another.
7. Treason means death penalty in his kingdom.
Understanding the text
8. King’s all orders were obeyed promptly because the beggar was slain by one of the soldiers.
9. The king says so because he wants to see everyone independent and living by their own sweat and toil.
10. He was foolish, unkind and irrational for me who trusts his servant when he said that the tongue can grow up immediately just after cutting the one.
11. What do the following quotes mean? Explain them:
i. Hunger cannot be avoided since you have stomach.
ii. Kings never suffer, they are always perfect and rich.
12. A magician
13. Now I guess that the king would make his soldiers cut his head to get rid of him.
UNIT - 9: Age and Wisdom
Poem: You are Old, Father William
Find the fact
1. The young son is addressed in the poem.
2. Meditative
3. Contrast
4. Ironical
5. The old man is called a sage in the poem.
Explore the text
6. The given lines spoken by an old man have exaggerations:
"In my youth, as he shook his grey locks, "I kept all my limbs very supple" In my youth, "I took to the law, And argued each case with my wife;
And the muscular strength which it gave to my jaw, Has lasted the rest of my life."
And the muscular strength which it gave to my jaw, Has lasted the rest of my life."
7. ‘You are old’ and in my youth’ have been frequently repeated in the poem. They reveal that father is trying to show the old age of his father but father is not willing to accept rather he has been impulsive to his old age and reflective his young age.
8. Though your hairs have been white, yet you incessantly stand on your head—Do you think, at your age, it is right?" Though you are uncommonly fat; Yet you turned a back-somersault in at the door— Pray, what is the reason of that?" Though your jaws are weak, you finished the goose, with the bones and the beak— Pray, how did you manage to do it?"
9. The old man, father gets angry at the end of the poem. He gets angry to hear foolish but dominating questions of his son.
10. Black hair and white hair, slim and fat, young and old, active and passive etc. are the differences between young and old presented in the poem.
Story: The Hitchhiker
Find the facts
1. She worked in London.
2. She was feeling cold as she drove home.
3. As it had been stolen from her car when it was parked outside her office, she could not hear the radio.
4. She had never seen an old lady asking for hitchhike so she stopped for giving her a ride.
5. She wanted to go at Mickley.
6. Combine the following sentences as indicated in the brackets.
(a) Andrea was a married woman who lived in Brockbourne.
(b) Andrea shivered at the snow which was piled in the fields.
(c) The radio had been stolen which she missed listening to it.
(d) An old lady was standing by the road to whom Andrea stopped for.
(e) The old lady had a sign that was handwritten.
(f) Andrea was afraid of the old lady whose voice sounded strange.
(g) Her arms were hairy which terrified Andrea.
(h) Andrea discovered an axe in the bag which was bloodstained.
Explore the text
7. Darkness ahead from under old lady’s old yellow hat and her strange voice made Andrea afraid.
8. She suddenly stopped the car because she was willing to make the lady get off from her car.
9. She ran her car at the highest speed.
10. To find out the identity of the old lady, Andrea looked in her bag.
11. She was probably going to loot Andrea.
12. Do this depending your own experience of a horrible dream you have recently seen.
Grammar: Idioms and phrasal verbs
A. Complete the following sentences supplying the appropriate preposition.
1-of, 2-for, 3-at, 4-for, 5-of,
6-by, 7-in, 8-for, 9-in, 10-on
B: Use the following verbs and the prepositions and form meaningful sentences.
1- get off, 2-look for, 3- switch on,
4-fill , 5- try, 6- put off,
7- throw down, 8-turn down, 9-take off,
10- believe on
Drama: The Beggar and the King
(Scene – II)
After you read
1. The beggar was actually shouting for bread.
2. As any of king’s punishment was unable to chase the beggar away, the king himself decided to see the beggar.
3. Possible answer.
i) I have already commanded you.
ii) Are you not hearing what I said you?
iii) Are you the king?
iv) What do you mean by you could not understand?
4. Do this by yourself.
Understanding the text
5. Yes, the king wants to be rude to the crying beggar.
6. The beggar actually might be the god to teach the lesson of patience and love to the king.
7. The servant considers the king a foolish man because he is willing to meet and talk face to face with a beggar.
8. No, the beggar did not the king. ‘Are you the king?’ by beggar reveals this.
UNIT – 10: Magic and Supernatural
Poem: Ballad of Birmingham
Find the facts
1. Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives.
a) mother
b) centre of the city
c) child
d) freedom
e) shoes
Explore the text
2. Ballad is a long narrative either about the love or death or war etc. and also having dramatic technique. This is a ballad because it is about death of an innocent child in a blast and it has used the technique of narration and drama.
3. The child wanted to go to the town in order to participate in freedom fighting march.
4. The words dogs are fierce and wild, clubs and hoses, guns and jails aren't good for a little child." reveal that the demonstrators were suppressed severely.
5. She did not want her child to go to demonstration because it was suppressed severely and her child was not young enough to go there.
6. It was killed in the bomb explosion. The mother identified through the shoes of her child.
Story: Aladdin and the Magic Lamp
Find the facts
1. Aladdin’s father was Mustafa, the tailor.
2. The stranger was a young magician boy, who was slim and agile.
3. He was asked to put a magic lamp because it would protect him against all harm.
4. He found great chests and golden jars filled with jewels, and trees sagging under the weight of fruit made of diamonds, pearls and opals in the cave.
5. The genie of the ring helped Aladdin to escape from the cave.
6. They lived in a magnificent palace.
7. The very cunning and wicked magician abducted Badrulbudur.
8. The genie of the lamp helped Aladdin to find the princess.
9. At the end, the magician was snoring because he was overcome by the sleeping potion.
Words in use
10. Find words from the story that are similar in meaning to the following words.
roaming, splendid, agile, home, spout
11. Fill in the blanks with the suitable prepositions.
a. out b. to c. in, in d. out e. into
Explore the text
12. The old lamp and the ring made them rich and prosperous.
13. She was daughter of King Sultan. The property they had make the king to offer his daughter’s hand to his mother.
14. She exchanged because she was unaware about the secrecy hidden behind the old lamp.
15. They celebrated their arrival as great festivities that lasted for several days.
Grammar: Passive
A. Rewrite the following sentences as in the given example.
1. The film is watched by Mr. jones.
2. English is spoken.
3. Comics are read by him.
4. Volleyball is played.
5. The song is sung.
6. Photos are taken by me,
7. The housework is done.
8. The children are helped.
9. Text messages are written.
10. The flowers are watered.
B. Rewrite the given sentences as in the example.
1. Four apples were bought.
2. The match was won.
3. The blue car was stolen.
4. The thieves were arrested.
5. The 200 meters were swum.
6. The old lady was bitten.
7. Five hamburgers were eaten.
8. The children were taught.
9. The brown horse was ridden.
10. Good stories were told.
Drama: The Beggar and the King
(Scene – III)
After you read
1. If he touches his forehead to the floor, as king has commanded he will go from the palace a free man.
2. The beggar did not care rather commanded in turn to the king.
3. King’s removal of his crown from his forehead will make the beggar no longer obliged to beg the king.
4. King’s removal of his crown from his forehead will stop the beggar annoying the king.
5. King commanded to snatch and imprison him but they did not obey the command of the king.
6. It was because they were afraid of hearing the warning and confidence in the beggar.
Words in use
7. Tick the correct answer.
a) clay
b) ‘misery…
c) impudence
d) talk
Understanding the text
8. King’s servant persuaded the king to throw his crown out of the window because he thought that the beggar was making wise humor.
9. He warned that if he refused, then he would wish he had never had any crown at all.
10. The king was not so afraid because he was still commanding his servant and guards to imprison him.
11. He was just a king than a wise king. The way he talked and quarreled with beggar reveals this.
UNIT-11: Hope and Survival
Poem: Song of the Engine
Find the facts
1. The poem is about the song of engine and its meaning to human life.
2. The engine sings in the poem.
3. The places where train moves as described in the poem are going up the hill and going down the hill.
4. The rhyming words of song and hill are along and still in the poem.
5. It moves easily to the down hill.
6. Do this by yourself.
7. Punctuate it by yourself.
Explore the text
6. As it requires no pulling, the train goes downhill easily.
7. While going up it pulls you with a will, and while going down it simply says I could I could.
8. Of course, it is suitable because the engine really sings according the road it runs through. Going up is full of vigor but going down is boring and sluggish both to life and engine that has been captured in the poem.
9. Going up is full of vigor but going down is boring and sluggish both to life and engine that has been captured in the poem. So the title is suitable to the poem.
Essay: Coping with an Earthquake
Find the facts
1. Earthquake
2. Japan
3. National Society for Earthquake Technology
4. In 1934
5. Around 40,000 people might die
6. 11th most earthquake-prone country in the world.
7. Himalayas were formed over 60 million years ago as result of a major quake due to merging of the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates.
8. The earthquake will damage emergency services by spread of fire and disease. As a result victims will be unable to get service from hospitals.
9. The other services such as fire stations and disruption of electricity and water supply will be affected by the future earthquake.
Explore the text
10. We can minimize the potential risk of earthquake damages by following the given measures:
When an earthquake strikes, you need to drop down to the floor or ground, seek cover under something solid, and hold on until the shaking ends. If you are indoors, stay away from windows if possible until the earthquake stops. In a situation where you are outside when the earthquake hits, find a spot that is away from buildings, power lines or trees to take shelter.
11. Predicting earthquake is reliable and effective to some extent.
12. They are:
· First aid kit
· Canned food and an opener
· Bottled water (a minimum of three gallons per person)
· Flashlight and extra batteries
· Battery-powered radio
· Sleeping bags and extra clothing
· Fire extinguisher
13. It is because they can break and explode.
14. I will do the following things if I am caught indoor at the time of an earthquake:
· Keep calm.
· Stay away from glass windows, doors, almirahs, mirrors etc.
· Stay away from falling plaster, bricks or stones.
· Get under a table or a sturdy cot so that you are not hurt by falling objects.
· Do not rush towards the doors or staircase. They may be broken or jammed.
15. The first thing is to check yourself to see whether you are injured. Then check on your family members to see whether any of them have been hurt.
16. I would suggest that they should:
· If open space is available nearby, go there.
· Keep away from tall chimneys, buildings, balconies and other projections.
· Do not run through streets; hoardings or lamps may fall on you.
Grammar: Reported Speech
A. Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense, although it is some-times not necessary.
1) Andrew told me to clean the blue bike.
2) Jessica told me to write a text message.
3) Nelly told me to help peter’s sister.
4) Fred told me to wash my hands.
5) Anna told me to open the window.
6) Tom told me to come at 8.
7) The teacher told me to do my homework.
8) Doris told me to dance with her.
9) Sabine told me to meet Sandy at the station.
10) Victoria told me to check my emails.
B. Finish the sentences using Reported speech.
1) Christopher asked me if I wanted to dance.
2) Betty wanted to know when I had come.
3) Mark asked me if john had arrived.
4) Ronald asked me where Maria parked her car.
5) Elisabeth asked me I I had watched the latest film.
Letter : Lincoln's Letter to His Son's Teacher
Find the facts
1. Supply the correct answer.
(a) letter.
(b) a school teacher.
(c) Abraham Lincoln.
(d) a shapeless clay
(e) not mentioned in the text
2. In the line 'Teach him to scoff at cynics and to beware of too much sweetness.":
(i) a verb (ii) cynics (iii) son
Explore the text
3. Enjoy winning, envy, if you can, quiet laughter, honorable to fail, to cheat, tough with tough, shame in tears etc. also describe human folly and nature.
4. He really loves his son. In the very beginning he states ‘on my dearly son who is just a shapeless clay that…….’ reveal this.
5. For him reading is important. The wonder of books lies on eternal mystery of birds in the sky, bees in the sun, and flowers on the green hillside.
6. Cheating in exam is not fair act. To fail is far worthy than cheating.
7. He advises his son to sell his service to those who are in distress and oppressed.
8. A dollar earned is more valuable than five dollar found.
9. Do this by yourself.
10. Do this in your own creative way.
11. Do this in your own creative way.
UNIT - 12: Our Life and Culture
Poem: In the Farmyard
Find the facts
1. a farmer
2. unwillingly
3. on the straw
4. dissatisfied
5. does not belong
Explore the text
6. The speaker is rotating in an axis with two oxen in order to separate paddy from straw.
7. They are rotating around the axis to separate paddy from straw.
8. The speaker is not working willingly. The two last stanzas reveal this.
9. The speaker feels that his identity and toil is also just like that oxen, animals.
10. Those who capture large area of land and make others work for them on that land are feudal.
11. The land is never for him rather it is just for drenching his sweat.
12. The speaker is not satisfied in the poem.
Essay: Rautes: Nomads of Nepal
Find the facts
1. They are a nomadic ethnic group of Nepal.
2. Raute language belongs to Tibeto-Burman language family.
3. If anything bad happened to any of them they wander from one place to another.
4. They live by hunting and gathering wild forest tubers, fruits, and greens on a regular basis.
5. They live on trading handmade wooden bowls and boxes to local farmers.
Words in use
6. Do this creatively by yourselves.
Explore the text
7. As people belonging to different caste, culture and religion live together in harmony by respecting and accepting each other’s norms and values, Nepal is a multi-ethnic country.
8. They live in the Karnali and Makahali regions of western Nepal. No, they do not live civilized life as we live because they live the life of nomad.
9. Deforestation, I think, is the main problem that has brought complication in the nomadic life of them.
10. The ‘Mukhia’ refers to leader or king in their community. His role is to lead and guide them by making them obedient to him.
11. Explain by yourself based on the information you have.
12. Read the extract and answer the following questions.
a. ‘They’ refers to Rautes.
b. They do not use modern tools.
c. They use the traditional instruments like long and short handled axes, large and small adzes etc.
d. Do this by yourself.
Grammar: Vocabulary entry
Encourage the students to look at the dictionary in order to find and learn the way of vocabulary entry.
Speech: Equal Rights for Women
Find the facts
1. The speaker emphasizes on the rights and equality of woman and man.
2. Home maker means one who confines one in the home.
3. They should be united for our rights and freedom of all women.
4. Female are also in minority group according to the speaker. Then she also means other ethnic and tribal groups to be in the group of minority.
5. No, they do not seem to be aggressive while seeking their rights.
Words in use
6. Do this by yourself.
Explore the text
7. No she cannot get the job of her qualification. Different tags are added for being women to her. Her potentiality is put under question mark.
8. There are various exploitations like physical, emotional, sexual, social, cultural and economic exploitations to women in Nepal.
9. Women are thought to be weak, unable and low graded and second graded citizen in our society.
10. Establishing and maintaining the equal rights, freedom and equality of women to that of men is the theme of this speech.
11. Do this by youself.
12. Do this by yourself.
Now change the following sentences into Yes/No questions.
Have women their representation at nominal extent in administrative positions?
Is there very little understanding?
Have they realized the need of struggle to introduce equality?
Is society without gender discrimination my dream?
Happy Teaching!!!
